M51: The Whirlpool Galaxy

Capture Equipment

Scope/Lens: Explore Scientific 102mm ED APO Triplet
Camera: Canon T3i (astro modified)
Mount: Orion Atlas Pro AZ/EQ-G
GuideScope: Orion 50mm Deluxe Guidescope
Guide Camera: Orion Starshoot Autoguider
Flattener: Hotech Field Flattener
Mount and Capture SW: ASCOM EQMOD; Backyard EOS, PHD2, Stellarium, Astrotortilla

Image details

Dates Captured: Mar 30, May 3, Jun 1, Jun 5 2019 
Processed: Sep 2019
Frames: 62 X 360 secs; H-alpha 30X480 both @ISO 800
Calibration Frames: Bias, Flats, Darks 
Integration: 10.2 hours
Location: Pinnacles National Park, E,W; Home Bay Area
Processing SW: PixInsight; Adobe LightRoom
Astrobin: Image

Observing history

As one of the first galaxies I saw back when I started observing and the first interacting pair of galaxies, I’ve always been fascinated by Messier 51!

Finding M51 was quite a challenge at first with my 10″ DOB and Bortle 8 suburban backyard—one that I failed several times. My observing logs reveal that I finally managed to see the pair as one agglomerated faint fuzzball on Mar 28, 2016, barely distinguishable from the background sky. I had better luck and rewarding views from Mendoza Ranch (Bortle 5) in early June the same year: the two galaxies appearing distinct with hints of spiral structure noticeable in M51 (My sketch of that observation below). I have since enjoyed many views of M51 from several dark sites and it’s usually one of my first observing targets during galaxy season.

M51 sketch

Image acquisition and processing notes

Not surprisingly, this galaxy pair has been high on my list of imaging targets. Multiple attempts to image this object in 2018 ended in frustration: failed autoguiding one time, dewed up telescope objective another and clouds a third time! Each attempt preceded by a 2 hr drive and followed by one as well—crestfallen and sleep deprived! In hindsight, it was fortuitous I was forced to wait a year before trying again—the intervening months giving me an opportunity to climb up the steep imaging + processing learning curve some more, resulting in a better image than what I would’ve managed back in 2018.

I managed to get over 6 hours of RGB OSC data over three nights in the spring /summer of 2019 from the Bortle 3 skies of my current fav dark sky location: Pinnacles National Park. Ha data I’ve learned, really makes galaxies pop—the red of the Ha contrasting gloriously with the blues. But this is generally ill-advised when imaging with a DSLR or other OSC cameras—the Bayer matrix rendering 3 out of every 4 pixels useless. Regardless, I attempted adding Ha data to bring out the nebular regions and consequently make my image more ‘colorful’.  I’d gotten decent results with M31 and decided to try again with M51—especially since it appears ‘face on’. But I didn’t want to use valuable dark sky time for this and ended up taking these subs from my backyard. 8 min exposures with an uncooled camera in the summer under Bortle 8 skies is a recipe for extremely noisy images. 4 hrs of integration gave me the image below which I had to subsequently process heavily before blending with the RGB image to prevent the noise from degrading the hard earned RGB image.

M51 in Ha (DSLR and Baader 7nm Ha filter): stacked and autostretched, no processing

After applying heavy noise reduction to the Ha image, I blended the Ha with PixelMath in PI as recommended by Kayron Mercieca here. I used an ellipse mask covering the main galactic subjects to avoid needless addition of noise to the background. 

The combined HaRGB image was processed using a fairly standard sequence of processes in Pixinsight. I started with a 2X drizzled image finally scaled down by 2X—I find this allows me to manage background noise better.

I’m pleased with the overall result. 

M51 up close

The rich background full of galaxies


I’m always fascinated by the several galaxies captured in the background in images. In this case the full width image has more than 50! You can find them listed in the annotated image below (click and enlarge)—each seemingly a universe unto itself, likely with its own denizens, peering into their own skies and wondering the same about our own faint and distant galaxy. Looking up a few of the fainter galaxies in the CDS and NED databases I note there are a handful over a billion light years away and at least one: PGC2292718 (all the way at the top above M51) that is over 2 billion light years away! (estimated using redshift). The mind is boggled contemplating that distance and the time photons had to travel before being recorded at the camera sensor—albeit as a faint but distinct smudge! 

M51: full width, annotated

Comments